JAHONGIR MASHOKIROV
                  PhD

                             Due the recent decades, tourism has become one of the leading and most dynamic sectors of the world economy and the source of prosperity of many countries. Still it gains more importance for the economy of Tajikistan. Our country has a strong position among the leading countries of Central Asia in the tourism system of the world and it’s becoming more attractive for the foreign tourists. For the economy of Tajikistan incoming tourism has become one of the priority branches, but for the certain regions of the country, it plays a key role in their economy. Every year tourism sector provides hundreds of thousands of new jobs that are essential for a country with a rapidly growing population, besides for the country with a great history and heritage, where tourism plays an important integration function. All this makes the incoming tourism of Tajikistan actual object of study for various sciences, in particular the social and economic development. The urgency of studying the international tourism at the country level, in particular the territorial organization, which is also related to the fact that the majority of domestic and foreign researchers consider general theoretical and practical problems and aspects of tourist and recreational activities at the global or regional, subnational and local levels. One reason for the appearing scientific and cognitive situation is undeveloped theoretical and methodical bases socio-geographical research of tourism industry at the country level, especially, incoming tourism. In addition studying both mentioned spheres and the territorial organization has obvious applied significance, in particular, for the purposes of regional management of incoming tourism and attracting investment for its development, as well as for learning and perception of positive experience of such management on the level of large states like Tajikistan and Spain. Also the tourist-recreational resources of Tajikistan are becoming more demanded, not only by the international community, but by Tajik tourists as well, and the number of tour operators in direction of Span is increasing every year, which entails the growth requirements of scientific research on the problems of both incoming tourism of Tajikistan in general, and on the specifics of its territorial organization. Object of research is the tourism and recreation system of Tajikistan. Subject of research is the territorial organization of incoming tourism in Tajikistan. 

            The purpose of the dissertation research is identifying the specific features of tourism and recreation system of incoming tourism of Tajikistan and its territorial characteristics. Denoted purpose prejudged to solve the following problems:

• systematization of the existing theoretical concepts of the tourism and recreation sphere and development of theoretical principles and research methods of incoming tourism of the country and its territorial organization;

• analysis of the resource potential of the tourism and recreation system of incoming tourism Tajikistan and especially its territorial management;

• determining development factors, functioning and territorial organization of tourism and recreation system of incoming tourism in Tajikistan;

• revealing the historical stages and analysis of development dynamics of the incoming tourism in Tajikistan;

• studying international territorial organization of tourism and recreation system of incoming tourism of Tajikistan;

• studying administrative-territorial organization of tourism and recreation system of incoming tourism of the Republic of Tajikistan;

• zoning of tourism and recreation system of inbound tourism of the Republic of Tajikistan.

The methodical basis of the present thesis is the traditional approaches to economics - territorial, comprehensive and comparative, marketing, expeditionary, zoning and management. Also in the thesis we use general scientific methods, such as historical, systematic and structural, statistical, expert assessments, the European experience of incoming tourism as well. The sequence of applying the methods determines the nature of solved problems.

                                   Relying on the indicated and their associated theoretical concepts, proposes the method of socio-geographical research considering tourism and recreation of incoming tourism in the countries and territorial organization, which includes the following scientific and cognitive operations:

a) Analysis of tourist and recreational potential of the country and especially its territorial organization (species or object-resource and administrative-territorial), the identification of regional differences by means of quantitative methods;

b) Consideration of the factors affecting the development, operation and territorial organization of inbound tourism, including the analysis of the tourism infrastructure, particularly its territorial organization;

c) the analysis of quantitative and qualitative parameters of development, including the historic and contemporary dynamics of incoming tourism, their comparison with the outgoing and domestic tourism flows, assessment of the degree of tourist and recreational resources of the country and its regions (administrative and territorial units);

g) tourist-recreational zoning, which means revealing of integrated territorial differences in the tourism and recreation system of inbound tourism. The proposed method is used to study various aspects of tourism and recreation system of inbound tourism in Tajikistan, including its territorial organization.

Volume and structure of thesis. The work consists of an introduction, four chapters, conclusions, bibliography and appendices.

             The introduction explains the rationale relevance of the research topic, its theoretical and methodological and practical significance, reveals the extent of a problem by domestic and foreign researchers determined object, object, purpose, objectives of the research and its methods, scientific innovation constituting the object of protection, and the practical significance of the results.

            The first chapter examines the theoretical bases and related to the research methods of incoming tourism in a country and its territorial organization. In the second chapter tourist and recreational resources of Tajikistan are estimated and discussed regional differences tourist and recreational recourses potential of the country. In the third chapter we study the complex factors in the development of inbound tourism of the Republic of Tajikistan and its territorial organization. The fourth chapter considers the history, modern dynamic and features of territorial organization of incoming tourism in the Republic of Tajikistan, including its tourist-recreational zoning. In final conclusion the author outlines the main results of research in form of conclusions and recommendations.

            Theoretical and practical significance of research results. The main provisions of thesis may be used to improve the effectiveness of development planning in the tourism sector, and in the educational process in the disciplines of: "Regional Economics", "Economics of Tourism", "Management of Tourism in the enterprise," "International tourism and tourist formalities."

The practical significance of research results consist the expediency of the planning technology of the tourism sector in regional economy for regional authorities in development of legislative documents which have normative character.

The scientific novelty of thesis is to develop conceptual provisions and methods of analysis and management, and evaluation of methodological support in direction of development scope of domestic tourism. The most essential results obtained by the author and with elements of scientific novelty are composed in the development of:

• conceptual positions on analysis and development management of domestic tourism at the municipal level, including, unlike the other: methodological approaches, as an original system of expert estimates of prospects as the most important directions of development in tourism sector of economy and the performance focused on contribution assessment of tourism into the revenue part in local budget.

• factorial model of tourism potential, compiled, unlike similar research, taking into account of results questionnaire of managers and specialists of tourist business, and including major factors boost factors of tourism development, calculated on the basis of responses;

• descriptive model of interaction between local authorities and business - communities, the specifics of which in comparison with other models of similar purpose consists in the presence of optimization allocation units of investment resources that assess the effectiveness of using local budget funds as a tool of management of tourist areas;

• methodological and practical recommendations for analysis of short-term planning and development of domestic tourism at the municipal level, which unlike the qualitative and the approximate approaches are justified by the comparative analysis of the complex evaluation results of investment projects in tourism industry with application of economic and mathematical tools.

            Spite of the fact that there is a wide range certain approaches to the regulation of incoming tourism formed in the world, each country has its own specific features. So the reason I want to learn the Spanish experience is that Spain is one of the front-rank countries with the advanced industry of incoming tourism. So the purpose of making a research in this scope, is not only studying the Spanish  tourist industry, but fist of all its building a bridge between two countries, also its kind of motivation for development of our country in tourist industry and offering in the international market. What should be done to attract foreign tourist to come to our country and how to offer the tourist product in world arena.